It has such a massive hydrogen atmosphere that the temperatures and pressures turn it into a metallic plasma below a certain depth (in literature referred to as the “Plasma Phase Transition”), and that plasma dissolved/ate the planet.
This metallic hydrogen plasma is basically indistinguishable from that found in stars. In fact, Jupiter is a Y-class brown dwarf star because of this morphology.
This doesn’t seem to be the case, at least according to the brown dwarf wikipedia page which seems to use Jupiter as the yardstick for what isn’t a brown dwarf.
Not by my ctrl-f “Jupiter” on that page.
Jupiter is, however, the top of the list on wikipedia’s page for Y-type brown dwarfs.
This is a list of astronomical objects with the spectral type Y. They are a mix of brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects.
Spectral type Y objects are not all brown dwarfs, they just have a similar elemental composition. Jupiter doesn’t have the mass to be considered a brown dwarf, they are 13-80 times the mass of Jupiter by definition.
That mass-based definition is outdated and does not consider recent observations of the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn made by the Juno and Cassini spacecraft. It is a reflection of cold-war era fusion chauvinism and is due to get an update. Jupiter is a star, Saturn straddles the boundary between star and planet.
Jupiter is a star, Saturn straddles the boundary between star and planet
I would suggest that a brown dwarf straddles the line between star and planet (the Wikipedia page begins with (“Brown dwarfs are substellar objects”) and that therefore Jupiter is, at best, straddling the line between star and planet, and therefore Saturn is solidly a planet.
I like what you’re trying to do, but I disagree with merging brown dwarfs with planetary class objects because their interior structures and evolution are so different. Brown dwarfs are closer to stars than planets. The only difference between brown dwarfs and fusing stars is whether fusion occurs at the core. Planets are very very different in structure, morphology, and evolution.
This is how I suggest we classify things:
Let’s start by splitting things into two classes: planetary class and stellar class with Saturn at the boundary. This is a separation based on internal morphology and dynamics.
Stellar class objects then get split into two further subclasses: fusing stars (suns) and non-fusing stars (brown dwarfs).
Saturn exists at the boundary between the planetary class and the stellar class. Jupiter is solidly within the “brown dwarf” non-fusing stellar class of objects. The sun is a “fusing star”, which is also within the stellar class.
I mean, you can choose to define things however you want for your personal headcanon.
But for communication to work, people need to agree upon meanings. I’m guessing you don’t have a PhD in astrophysics, so your opinions are very unlikely to sway the consensus opinion on how these things are defined. And it’s their definitions that most lay people are going to take our cues from.
But even from the perspective of trying to come up with your own definitions…it’s rather poor practice to define things by presupposing your desired outcome. They didn’t define a planet vs dwarf planet by reference to Pluto, even though their desired goal was to exclude Pluto. They found actual criteria and used those. The definitions you’re giving, by stating “stellar class with Saturn at the boundary” does not work as a very good definition. Though again, you’re free to use that for yourself if you want…so long as you understand you will have severe difficulty communicating with others.
